腾讯云+shadowsocks小记
基于腾讯云搭建一个shadowsocks，还算比较简单的，遇到几个小坑，过程有惊无险，特记录一下。
购买腾讯云服务器
官网：https://cloud.tencent.com/ 过程不表，记得不要选国内区域即可。 我买的香港一区，1核 1GB 2Mbps，系统Ubuntu
一些配置
挂载硬盘及启用root 与新服务器有关，与shadowsocks无关
因为买的时候还买了一块数据盘，但是腾讯云不会自动挂载，因此需要挂载到系统，否则浪费了
登录：ssh ubuntu@*.*.*.*
检查一下看不到数据盘
ubuntu@ubuntu:/$ df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev 423264 0 423264 0% /dev
tmpfs 88508 2796 85712 4% /run
/dev/vda1 51474044 1694048 47158612 4% /
tmpfs 442540 24 442516 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 442540 0 442540 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 88508 0 88508 0% /run/user/500
换个命令查看硬盘信息
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x27921508
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/vda1 * 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
格式化硬盘（数据盘）
ubuntu@ubuntu:/$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Creating filesystem with 5242880 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 1398974e-576b-4168-ab80-5e49c7bd374d
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
设置挂载点及开机挂载
ubuntu@ubuntu:/etc$ echo '/dev/vdb /data ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
-bash: /etc/fstab: Permission denied
ubuntu@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo echo '/dev/vdb /data ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
-bash: /etc/fstab: Permission denied
看来出错了，权限不够，sudo也不行 切换root用户试试
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ su root
Password:
su: Authentication failure
应该是没有设置root密码，不能切换 那就先设密码
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo passwd root
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully
设好后su root切换用户，接着执行echo '/dev/vdb /data ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
然后mount -a，挂载全部的意思？
这个时候可以看到磁盘信息了
root@ubuntu:~# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev 423264 0 423264 0% /dev
tmpfs 88508 3908 84600 5% /run
/dev/vda1 51474044 1694880 47157780 4% /
tmpfs 442540 24 442516 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 442540 0 442540 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 100 0 100 0% /run/lxcfs/controllers
tmpfs 88508 0 88508 0% /run/user/500
/dev/vdb 20511356 44992 19401404 1% /data
保险起见，我重启了服务器reboot
安装shadowsocks
参照[官方指引]: https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks/tree/master 因为是新服务器，pip都还没有安装
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ su root
Password:
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# pip
The program 'pip' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
apt install python-pip
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# apt-get install python-pip
pip安装好了，可以安装shadowsocks了
root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# pip install git+https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks.git@master
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>
sys.exit(main())
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 215, in main
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/locale.py", line 581, in setlocale
return _setlocale(category, locale)
locale.Error: unsupported locale setting
出错了，网上查了资料，具体原因我也不清楚，
好在解决方法很简单，执行export LC_ALL=C，然后再安装shadowsocks
root@ubuntu:~# export LC_ALL=C
root@ubuntu:~# pip install git+https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks.git@master
Collecting git+https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks.git@master
Cloning https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks.git (to master) to /tmp/pip-_ucYLA-build
Installing collected packages: shadowsocks
Running setup.py install for shadowsocks ... done
Successfully installed shadowsocks-3.0.0
安装完成！！
配置shadowsocks
可以先命令行启动测试一下ssserver -p 443 -k password -m aes-256-cfb
然后发现连接不到，这个时候想到可能是端口问题，
于是回到腾讯云服务器管理后台，配置安全组
之前是只放通22端口，先改成放通全部端口，这样可能不太安全，不过先配置shadowsocks好再说。
大约等几分钟，客户端可以连接访问了。
但是这只是调通了，参数都是写在命令中，且关掉命令窗口就会关掉服务。 于是继续按照[官方指引]: https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks/wiki/Configuration-via-Config-File 设置配置文件启动
首先建立配置文件vi shadowsocks.json，输入内容如下
{
"server":"*.*.*.*",
"server_port":8388,
"local_address":"127.0.0.1",
"local_port":1080,
"password":"password",
"timeout":300,
"method":"aes-256-cfb",
"fast_open":false
}
尝试启动
root@ubuntu:/etc# ssserver -c /etc/shadowsocks.json
INFO: loading config from /etc/shadowsocks.json
2017-10-11 15:22:39 INFO loading libcrypto from libcrypto.so.1.0.0
2017-10-11 15:22:39 INFO starting server at *.*.*.*:8388
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/ssserver", line 9, in <module>
load_entry_point('shadowsocks==3.0.0', 'console_scripts', 'ssserver')()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/shadowsocks/server.py", line 74, in main
tcp_servers.append(tcprelay.TCPRelay(a_config, dns_resolver, False))
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/shadowsocks/tcprelay.py", line 754, in __init__
server_socket.bind(sa)
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/socket.py", line 228, in meth
return getattr(self._sock,name)(*args)
socket.error: [Errno 99] Cannot assign requested address
出错了，网上查资料，修改配置文件的server如下：
{
"server":"0.0.0.0",
"server_port":8388,
"local_address":"127.0.0.1",
"local_port":1080,
"password":"password",
"timeout":300,
"method":"aes-256-cfb",
"fast_open":false
}
终于可以了
root@ubuntu:/etc# ssserver -c /etc/shadowsocks.json
INFO: loading config from /etc/shadowsocks.json
2017-10-11 15:34:37 INFO loading libcrypto from libcrypto.so.1.0.0
2017-10-11 15:34:37 INFO starting server at 0.0.0.0:8388
多用户配置，参考: https://github.com/shadowsocks/shadowsocks/wiki/Configure-Multiple-Users
root@ubuntu:/etc# cat shadowsocks.json
{
"server":"0.0.0.0",
"port_password": {
"8381":"p1",
"8382":"p2",
"8383":"p3",
"8384":"p4"
},
"timeout":300,
"method":"aes-256-cfb",
"fast_open":false,
"workers":3
}
后台启动
root@ubuntu:~# ssserver -c /etc/shadowsocks.json -d start
INFO: loading config from /etc/shadowsocks.json
2017-10-11 15:43:52 INFO loading libcrypto from libcrypto.so.1.0.0
大功告成！！